I will show you fear in a handful of dust.
— From “The Waste Land”, by T. S. Eliot
The Stoics divided the passions into four parts, consisting of a two by two matrix of “good” or “bad” emotions versus whether they occur during the present or while thinking about the future.
- Delight (or Pleasure): present and good
- Distress: present and bad
- Desire (or Appetite) : future and good
- Dread (or Fear): future and bad
To Stoics all these passions were actually harmful, in the sense that they are irrational and instead should be thoughtfully managed. Instead one should have Three Good Feelings and but not Three Not-as-Good Feelings:
- Joy (chara) instead of Pleasure
- Wish (or Hope) (boulesis) instead of Appetite
- Care (eulabeia) instead of Fear
What about Distress and its Stoic version (which might even be Calm or Ease)? And what of emotions for past memories? They might be Relief (past and “bad”) and Regret (past and “good”).
Further Reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoic_passions
http://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/stoipass.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Passions
https://immoderatestoic.com/blog/2013/4/2/stoic-emotionsall-three-of-them
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passions_(philosophy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion:_An_Essay_on_Personality
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Very interesting thoughts…appreciate your thoughts and blog! Keep up the good work.
I would argue that Caution is milder form of Fear – not a ‘versus.’ Caution represents trepidation near as I can tell and I posit the opposite of Fear is Faith.
I think I shouldn’t have used “vs.” in those comparisons, and instead used “instead of”. Note “joy” and “pleasure” aren’t really opposites either. But there is also a fair amount of faith and trust in classical Stoicism, as you may be saying. “Care” might be a better term then caution or discretion (or faith).
And I shouldn’t have said “Distress and its opposite” below the “vs.” lines. I’ve made some changes to the text, please tell me what you think.